Structurally, Wellek organizes modern criticism around key movements and representative figures. He treats eighteenth-century aesthetic theory and the rise of taste as foundational: the Enlightenment’s turn toward systematic aesthetics provided vocabulary and standards that shaped later debates. The Romantic reaction, with its emphasis on imagination, genius, and organic unity, challenged Enlightenment norms and inaugurated a new set of evaluative priorities—subjectivity, authenticity, and the notion of literary value tied to expressive originality. Wellek shows how Romanticism reoriented criticism from prescriptive rules toward an appreciation of historical and individual originality, thereby complicating earlier categories of “good” and “bad” literature.